What is Electromotive Force (EMF) and how is it calculated?

**Electromotive Force (EMF)** is the total work done (or energy provided) by a source, like a cell or battery, to drive a unit positive charge around a complete circuit. ### Formula Equation $\mathcal{E} = \frac{W}{Q}$ * **$\mathcal{E}$** = Electromotive Force (Volts, $\text{V}$) * **$W$** = Work done / Energy (Joules, $\text{J}$) * **$Q$** = Charge (Coulombs, $\text{C}$)