Alzheimer's aur Parkinson's disease kya hain, in ki alamaat, wajoohaat aur ilaj kya hain?

Question

Dr. Kiran Razzaq · Accepted Answer

Assalam-o-Alaikum! Aap ka sawal bohot ahem hai, kyunki Alzheimer's aur Parkinson's dono hi dimaghi beemariyan hain jo umar ke saath barhti hain aur hamare buzurgon ko mutasir karti hain. Aaiye inko tafseel se samajhte hain.

**Alzheimer's Disease (الزائمر کی بیماری)**

Alzheimer's ek aisi dimaghi beemari hai jo ahista ahista yaadदाश्त, sochne ki salahiyat aur ravaiye ko mutasir karti hai. Yeh dementia ki sab se aam wajah hai. Is mein dimagh ke cells marne lagte hain aur dimagh sikud jata hai.

*   **Alamaat (Symptoms):**
    *   Sab se pehle, taaza waqiyat (recent events) bhoolne mein mushkil hoti hai.
    *   Rozmarra ki guftagu mein sahi alfaaz dhundhne mein dushwari.
    *   Jani pehchani cheezon aur jagahon ko bhool jana.
    *   Rozmarra ke kaam karne mein ziyada waqt lagna.
    *   Mood aur ravaiye mein tabdeeli, jaise pareshani, gussa, ya chirchira-pan.
    *   Baat cheet karne aur apne mahol par respond karne ki salahiyat mein kami.
    *   Akhri stages mein, mareez ko chalne, nigalne aur baat karne mein bhi dushwari hoti hai.

*   **Wajoohaat (Causes):**
    *   Is ki asal wajoohaat abhi tak mukammal tor par wazeh nahi hain, lekin dimagh mein do proteins, amyloid aur tau, ka jama hona is mein ahem kirdar ada karta hai. Ye proteins plaques aur tangles banate hain jo dimagh ke sahi kaam ko mushkil bana dete hain.
    *   Umar ka barhna sab se bara risk factor hai.
    *   Genes aur family history bhi is mein shamil ho sakti hai.

*   **Ilaj (Treatment):**
    *   Filhal Alzheimer's ka koi mukammal ilaj nahi hai.
    *   Jo ilaj mojood hain, woh alamaat ko control karne aur beemari ki raftar ko thora kam karne mein madad karte hain.
    *   Sehatmand lifestyle, rozana warzish, aur dimaghi sargarmiyan is se bachne mein madadgar ho sakti hain.

**Parkinson's Disease (پارکنسن کی بیماری)**

Parkinson's ek aisi dimaghi beemari hai jo nervous system ko mutasir karti hai aur harkat (movement) mein masail paida karti hai. Is mein dimagh ke woh nerve cells kamzor ho jate hain ya mar jate hain jo dopamine naam ka chemical banate hain. Dopamine harkat ko control karne ke liye bohot zaroori hai.

*   **Alamaat (Symptoms):**
    *   **Tremors (Kapkapi):** Haath, bazoo, paon, jabra, aur chehre mein be-qaboo kapkapi, khaas kar jab jism aaram ki halat mein ho.
    *   **Bradykinesia (Harkat mein susti):** Harkat karne ki salahiyat mein kami, chalne mein chote qadam, aur kursi se uthne mein mushkil.
    *   **Rigidity (Akrao):** Pathon mein akrao aur sakhti, jis se dard bhi ho sakta hai.
    *   **Balance aur Posture ke masail:** Tawazun kharab hona aur jhuk kar chalna.
    *   Chehre par kam expressions (mask-like face).
    *   Aawaz ka dheema hona aur bolne mein dushwari.
    *   Likhne mein mushkil.
    *   Non-motor symptoms mein depression, neend ke masail, qabz, aur soonghne ki hiss mein tabdeeli bhi shamil hain.

*   **Wajoohaat (Causes):**
    *   Parkinson's ki asal wajah bhi mukammal tor par maloom nahi hai, lekin dopamine banane wale neurons ka nuqsan is ki bunyadi wajah hai.
    *   Kuch cases mein genetic factors bhi shamil ho sakte hain.
    *   Maholiyati chemicals ka exposure bhi ek kirdar ada kar sakta hai.

*   **Ilaj (Treatment):**
    *   Parkinson's ka bhi koi ilaj nahi hai, lekin medicines aur therapies alamaat ko control karne mein bohot madad karti hain.
    *   Dopamine ki kami ko pura karne wali adwiyat di jati hain.
    *   Physiotherapy aur warzish harkat aur tawazun ko behtar banane mein ahem hain.
    *   Kuch shadeed cases mein Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) jaisi surgery bhi ki ja sakti hai.

Dono beemariyan dimaghi sehat ke liye bohot mushkil hain, aur inke bare mein sahi maloomat hona bohot zaroori hai taake waqt par tashkhees aur sahara mil sake.

Sources:
- [alz.org](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFIDK5QHNqNFd2iytHk4dvl1nfwAnsYaFKUnF6e5-GepIjsW1wWkddo4j1Da8__4-OLhAseBIABE2jz6dEI_jZ-k6LhIKkOpllOBNQqINg1WUKrQs-7XxbcSMT5r2IhsAJ7U2bnOltpcGPHgOd4EuXgxV6DZy0=)
- [alzheimers.org.uk](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQFfOqUIFVrWSY9elDe9YLncNj2qgilgq_JYYSxiBIXeFsNjvdDusd9Zw9fbfrzXnQqB41Up-wUaU7Y7o_hV8TGE55XcRUl3mlHYTbOLHCl5uIDkijzDVdp6-XTvbLccMN7a11g9wy4y7FxYNKdJIwEiD3E5dlF7lHSDpkGM3CSlLhPD5GcTPO_5FA==)
- [cdc.gov](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQET2M5ms89ThC6MWeqATUFPLSzf3-Lsw6f4EMOzIcIr1OcHpQ_n8ECxMkfHLGwU1TKN2hoi1sF_a2QHuMHTOpblTlxdcuGhWpjNyQd9OJ03R5OgJxCju-arK9-G-_tGutplWZlN3rmp_DJXRGeCwengWxSZypfdpvk=)
- [apollohospitals.com](https://vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com/grounding-api-redirect/AUZIYQF2SRUTQm8txEaowEPgxnVS4_TXzbee4r3tP8RFCGtXBx6RENk7x2f6NXw0FpXKXGl_m9vWCQKUzsb5Favkn64IhPsBAGFePHiOAl7AmEZlFqRdKa25TVZSV6ByXIg1AJBQeGOzalltseKPkGNpWLUrVbPRgMJN0iCHPBuYBaOYgA==)
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