Anthrax kya hai, yeh kaise phelti hai, iski alamaat, ilaj aur bachao ke tareeqe kya hain?

Question

Dr. Kiran Razzaq · Accepted Answer

Anthrax ek bohot hi sangeen bacterial disease hai jo *Bacillus anthracis* naam ke bacteria se hoti hai. Yeh bacteria zameen mein paya jata hai aur janwaron ko, khaas kar charne wale janwaron jaise gaaye, bhense, bakriyan, aur bheron ko mutasir karta hai. Insanon mein yeh aam nahi hai, lekin agar ho jaye to bohot khatarnak ho sakti hai.

**Anthrax kaise phelti hai?**

Anthrax insano mein aam tor par char tareeqon se phel sakti hai:

1.  **Cutaneous Anthrax (Jild ki Anthrax):** Yeh sab se aam qism hai. Jab bacteria jild par kisi zakhm ya cut ke zariye dakhil hota hai. Yeh aam tor par un logon ko hota hai jo mutasir janwaron ya unki products (jaise oon, chamra) ke saath kaam karte hain.
2.  **Inhalation Anthrax (Saans ke zariye Anthrax):** Yeh sab se khatarnak qism hai. Jab insaan *Bacillus anthracis* ke spores ko saans ke zariye andar le leta hai. Yeh aam tor par un logon ko hota hai jo mutasir janwaron ki oon ya chamre ko process karte hain.
3.  **Gastrointestinal Anthrax (Hazme ki Anthrax):** Jab insaan mutasir janwar ka kacha ya kam paka hua gosht kha leta hai. Yeh bohot kam hota hai.
4.  **Injection Anthrax (Injection ke zariye Anthrax):** Yeh naye tareeqe se phelne wali qism hai, jo aam tor par drug users mein dekhi gayi hai jo contaminated drugs inject karte hain.

**Anthrax ki alamaat (Symptoms):**

Alamaat is baat par depend karti hain ke bacteria jism mein kis raste se dakhil hua hai:

*   **Cutaneous Anthrax:**
    *   Chote, khujli wale bumps jo machhar ke katne jaise lagte hain.
    *   Yeh bumps phir dard-naak, be-dard zakhmon mein badal jate hain jin ke beech mein siyah rang ka markaz hota hai (eschar).
    *   Aas paas ki jild mein soojan.

*   **Inhalation Anthrax:**
    *   Ibtidai alamaat flu jaisi hoti hain (bukhar, sardi, khansi, thakawat).
    *   Kuch din baad, shadeed saans lene mein dushwari, seene mein dard, aur shock ho sakta hai. Yeh bohot tezi se jaan leva ho sakti hai.

*   **Gastrointestinal Anthrax:**
    *   Matli, ulti, bhook na lagna.
    *   Pait mein dard, khooni ultiyan, khooni dast.
    *   Gale mein soojan aur nigalne mein mushkil.

**Anthrax ka ilaj (Treatment):**

Anthrax ka ilaj antibiotics se kiya jata hai. Jitni jaldi ilaj shuru ho, utna hi behtar hota hai. Inhalation anthrax jaisi shadeed qismon mein, intravenous (IV) antibiotics ki zaroorat hoti hai.

**Bachao (Prevention):**

*   Janwaron ko vaccine lagana.
*   Mutasir janwaron ya unki products ko handle karte waqt ehtiyat karna (gloves, masks pehenna).
*   Agar aapko shak ho ke aap mutasir janwar ke contact mein aaye hain, to fauran doctor se rabta karein.

Pakistan aur South Asia mein, jahan dehati ilaqon mein janwaron ke saath insano ka qareebi rabta hota hai, wahan is beemari ke bare mein awareness aur janwaron ki vaccination bohot zaroori hai.